Cissampelopsis Miq.

Vanijajiva, O. & Kadereit, J.W. (2008). A revision of Cissampelopsis (Asteraceae: Senecioneae). Kew Bulletin 63: 213. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12225-008-9034-x

Morphology General Habit

Perennial lianas, 3 – 5 m high or more, sometimes shrub-like when old

Morphology Stem

Stems climbing dextrorsely with prehensile petioles, much-branched, becoming woody when old

Morphology Leaves

Leaves simple, alternate, petiolate, exauriculate, decreasing in size towards the apex and in the inflorescence; blade ovate to deltoid or most commonly cordate, minutely to coarsely dentate, apiculate to acuminate, palmately 3 – 7-veined from near the base, central vein with 1 – 2 pairs of ascending laterals, pale to dark green or purplish, herbaceous, coriaceous, papyraceous or membranous, almost glabrous to more or less densely arachnoid-tomentose particularly on lower surface or glandular

Morphology Reproductive morphology Inflorescences

Inflorescence paniculate, usually exceeding the leaves, axes commonly glandular-pubescent, with 1 – 5 linear-subulate bracts

Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Florets

Ray florets 0, 5, 6 or 8, female, yellow, 4 – 5-veined, oblong-linear, apex entire or 3-dentate

Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Disc

Disc florets 8 – 20, hermaphrodite, white, pinkish or yellow, 5-lobed, lobes oblong-lanceolate, acute

Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Androecium Stamens Anthers

Anthers linear or linear-oblong; anther base distinctly tailed, tails ½ to 2 times as long as filament collar; collar subcylindrical or somewhat balusterform, hardly to slightly dilated towards the base; apical anther appendage usually oblong-lanceolate

Morphology Reproductive morphology Flowers Gynoecium Style

Style branched, style arms truncate or convex, with short to rather long marginal papillae and with or without prominent central tuft of much longer papillae

Morphology Reproductive morphology Fruits

Cypselas narrowly oblong to cylindrical, ribbed, glabrous; carpopodium cylindrical to hemispherical, yellowish to whitish, slightly larger in diameter than the cypsela base; pappus of numerous capillary bristles, bristles barbellate, uniform, white, yellowish or reddish.

Distribution

Distributed from India and Sri Lanka eastwards through the Himalaya, Myanmar, China, Vietnam and Thailand to Indonesia. Several species have a restricted distribution range and are critically endangered, e.g. Cissampelopsis ansteadii (Gopalan & Henry 2000). Almost all species of the genus are found climbing on shrubs or small trees on the edge of or in tropical wet or semi-evergreen montane forests. They preferably occur in habitats with high moisture such as along rivers. A few species, e.g. C. erythrochaeta, can also be found in mixed deciduous forests on bamboos.

Morphology Reproductive morphology Inflorescences Capitulum

Capitula heterogamous, radiate; style arms penicillate without a central tuft of longer, more or less fused papillae. Capitula few to numerous in terminal and axillary panicles Capitula heterogamous and radiate or homogamous and discoid, pendunculate; involucres cylindrical or narrowly campanulate, calyculate, calycular bracts linear-subulate, pubescent to almost glabrous; phyllaries usually 8, rarely 5, 6, 10 or 13, free, herbaceous with broad to narrow scarious margins, almost glabrous, sparsely to densely arachnoid-tomentose or glandular; receptacle flat, glabrous, epaleate