Xanthium spinosum subsp. spinosum

Native to:

Alabama, Argentina Northeast, Argentina Northwest, Argentina South, Arizona, Bolivia, Brazil South, California, Chile Central, Chile North, Colombia, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, Ecuador, Florida, Georgia, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Juan Fernández Is., Kansas, Kentucky, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Mexico Northeast, Mexico Northwest, Mexico Southwest, Michigan, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Brunswick, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Ontario, Oregon, Paraguay, Pennsylvania, Peru, Québec, Rhode I., Saskatchewan, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Uruguay, Utah, Virginia, Washington, West Virginia

Introduced into:

Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Austria, Azores, Baleares, Baltic States, Belgium, Botswana, Bulgaria, Canary Is., Cape Provinces, China North-Central, China Southeast, Corse, Cyprus, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, East Aegean Is., East European Russia, Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Fiji, France, Free State, Germany, Great Britain, Greece, Gulf States, Hungary, India, Inner Mongolia, Iran, Italy, Japan, Kazakhstan, Kirgizstan, Korea, Kriti, Krym, KwaZulu-Natal, Lebanon-Syria, Lesotho, Libya, Mauritius, Morocco, Namibia, Netherlands, New Caledonia, New South Wales, North Caucasus, Northern Provinces, Northern Territory, Pakistan, Palestine, Poland, Portugal, Primorye, Queensland, Rodrigues, Romania, Réunion, Sardegna, Saudi Arabia, Sicilia, Sinai, South Australia, Spain, Switzerland, Tadzhikistan, Tasmania, Transcaucasus, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkey-in-Europe, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, Victoria, West Himalaya, Western Australia, Western Sahara, Yemen, Yugoslavia, Zimbabwe

Publications used to compile the distribution and map:

• Ghafoor, A. & al. (2021). Flora of Pakistan 224: 1-310. Department of Botany, University of Karachi, Karachi.
• Kharkevich, S.S. (ed.) (1992). Plantae Vasculares Orientalis Extremi Sovietici 6: 1-428. Nauka, Leningrad.
• Ri͡abinina, Z.N. & Kni͡azev, M.S. (2009). Opredelitel sosudistykh rastenii Orenburgskoi oblasti: 1-757. Moskva: KMK.
• Zhao, Y.Z., Zhao, L.Q. & Rui, C. (eds.) (2019). Flora Intramongolica, edition 3, 5: 1-451. Typis Intramongolicae popularis, Huhhot.