Carthamus tinctorius L.

Native to:

Iran, Turkey

Introduced into:

Afghanistan, Alberta, Algeria, Argentina Northeast, Argentina Northwest, Argentina South, Arizona, Assam, Austria, Baltic States, Bangladesh, Belgium, Borneo, British Columbia, Bulgaria, California, Cambodia, Canary Is., Central European Rus, Chile Central, Chile North, Chile South, China North-Central, China South-Central, China Southeast, Colombia, Colorado, Cuba, Czechoslovakia, East Aegean Is., East European Russia, East Himalaya, Egypt, El Salvador, Eritrea, Ethiopia, France, Germany, Great Britain, Greece, Gulf States, Hainan, Hungary, Idaho, Illinois, India, Inner Mongolia, Iowa, Iraq, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Jawa, Kansas, Kazakhstan, Korea, Krym, Kuwait, Laos, Lebanon-Syria, Lesser Sunda Is., Libya, Madeira, Malaya, Maluku, Manchuria, Massachusetts, Mauritius, Mexico Central, Mexico Gulf, Mexico Northeast, Mexico Northwest, Mexico Southeast, Mexico Southwest, Montana, Morocco, Mozambique, Myanmar, Nebraska, Nepal, Netherlands, New Mexico, New South Wales, New York, New Zealand North, New Zealand South, Nicaragua, North Caucasus, North Dakota, North European Russi, Northern Territory, Northwest European R, Ohio, Oman, Oregon, Pakistan, Palestine, Paraguay, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qinghai, Queensland, Romania, Saudi Arabia, Sicilia, South Australia, South European Russi, Spain, Sudan, Sulawesi, Sumatera, Switzerland, Tadzhikistan, Tasmania, Thailand, Tibet, Transcaucasus, Tunisia, Ukraine, Uruguay, Utah, Uzbekistan, Victoria, Vietnam, Washington, West Himalaya, Western Australia, Xinjiang, Yemen, Yugoslavia, Zimbabwe

POWO follows these authorities in accepting this name:

• Adolphy, K. & al. (2021). Beiträge zur Flora Nordhein-Westfalens aus dem Jahr 2020. Jahrbuch des Bochumer Botanischen Vereins 12: 199-278.
• Ali, S.I. & Qaiser, M. (eds.) (2019). Flora of Pakistan 223: 1-363. Department of Botany, University of Karachi, Karachi.
• Bobrov, E.G. & S.K. Czerepanov (eds.) (1963). Compositae. Tribes Cynareae and Mutisieae. Flora of the USSR 28: 1-651. Science Publishers, Inc.
• Flora of North America Editorial Committee (2006). Flora of North America North of Mexico 19: 1-579. Oxford University Press, New York, Oxford.
• GCC (2011). Global Compositae Checklist http://compositae.landcareresearch.co.nz/.
• Ghazanfar, S.A. (1992). An Annotated Catalogue of the Vascular Plants of Oman and their Vernacular names. Scripta Botanica Belgica 2: 1-153.
• Ghazanfar, S.A., Edmondson, J.R. & Hind, D.J.N. (eds.) (2019). Flora of Iraq 6: 1-458. Ministry of Agriculture & Agrarian Reform, Baghdad.
• Komiljon, T., Natalya, B., Avazbek, B., Dilnoza, A., Ziyoviddin, Y., Deng, T. & Sun, H. (2020). Flora of the Dzhizak Province, Uzbekistan: 1-523. China Forestry Publishing House.
• Ling, Y. & C.Shih in Ling, Y. Et Ge, X. (1987). Compositae. Echinopsidae. Cynareae. Flora Reiublicae Popularis Sinicae 78(1): 1-230. Science Press.
• Muer, T., Sauerbier, H. & Cabrara Calixto, F. (2020). Die Farn- und Blütenpflanzen Madeiras: 1-792. Verlag und Versandbuchhandlung Andreas Kleinsteuber.
• Stace, C. (2019). New Flora of the British Isles ed. 4: 1-1266. C & M Floristics.
• Werier, D. (2017). Catalogue of the Vascular plants of New York state. Memoirs of the Torrey Botanical Club 27: 1-542.
• Wu, Z. & Raven, P.H. (eds.) (2011). Asteraceae. Flora of China 20-21: 1-992. Science Press (Beijing) & Missouri Botanical Garden Press (St. Louis).
• Zhao, Y.Z., Zhao, L.Q. & Rui, C. (eds.) (2019). Flora Intramongolica, edition 3, 5: 1-451. Typis Intramongolicae popularis, Huhhot.
• de Salas, MF, Baker, ML (2022). A Census of the Vascular Plants of Tasmania, including Macquarie Island: 1-161. Tasmanian Herbarium, Tasmanian Museum and Art Gallery, Hobart. https://flora.tmag.tas.gov.au/resources/census/.

Catálogo de Plantas y Líquenes de Colombia

• Bernal, R., Gradstein, S.R. & Celis, M. (eds.). 2015. Catálogo de plantas y líquenes de Colombia. Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá. http://catalogoplantasdecolombia.unal.edu.co

Flora of Iraq

• Abdulridha, Taha & Wedad, Ecol. & Fl. Basra: 201 (2016).
• Boissier, Fl. Orient. 3: 709 (1875)
• Breckle, Hedge & Rafiqpoor, Vasc. Pl. Afghan: 146 (2013)
• Chakravarty in Plant Wealth Iraq 1: 103 (1976)
• Dickson, Wild Fls. Kuwait: 30 (1955)
• Dinsmore in Post, Fl. Syria, Palest. & Sinai ed. 2, 2: 122 (1933)
• Feinbrun-Dothan, Fl. Palaest. 3: 403 (1978)
• Guest in Dep. Agr. Iraq Bull. 27: 19 (1933)
• Handel- Mazzetti in Ann. Naturh. Mus. Wien 27: 452 (1913)
• Hanelt in Feddes Repert. 67: 90 (1963)
• Husain & Kasim in Cult. Pl. Iraq: 476 (1975)
• Kilian & Ghazanfar in Fl. Oman 3: 212 (2015)
• Kupicha in Fl. Turkey 5: 327 (1975)
• L., Sp. Pl.: 830 (1753)
• Meikle, Fl. Cyprus 2: 978 (1985)
• Nábělek in Publ. Fac. Sci. Univ. Masaryk 52: 47 (1925)
• Rechinger, Fl. Iranica 139B: 433 (1980)
• Shostakovski in Fl. S.S.S.R. 28: 586 (1963)

Publications used to compile the distribution and map:

• Adolphy, K. & al. (2021). Beiträge zur Flora Nordhein-Westfalens aus dem Jahr 2020. Jahrbuch des Bochumer Botanischen Vereins 12: 199-278.
• Flora of North America Editorial Committee (2006). Flora of North America North of Mexico 19(1): 1-579. Oxford University Press, New York, Oxford.
• GCC (2011). Global Compositae Checklist http://compositae.landcareresearch.co.nz/.
• Ghazanfar, S.A., Edmondson, J.R. & Hind, D.J.N. (eds.) (2019). Flora of Iraq 6: 1-458. Ministry of Agriculture & Agrarian Reform, Baghdad.
• Pruski, J.F. (ed.) (2018). Flora Mesoamericana 5(2): 1-608. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, D.F.
• Werier, D. (2017). Catalogue of the Vascular plants of New York state. Memoirs of the Torrey Botanical Club 27: 1-542.
• Wu, Z. & Raven, P.H. (eds.) (2011). Asteraceae. Flora of China 20-21: 1-992. Science Press (Beijing) & Missouri Botanical Garden Press (St. Louis).

Flora of Somalia

• Flora Somalia, (2000) Author: by H. Beentje [updated by M. Thulin 2008]

Useful Plants and Fungi of Colombia

• Bernal, R., Gradstein, S.R., & Celis, M. (eds.). (2020). Catálogo de Plantas y Líquenes de Colombia. v1.1. Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Dataset/Checklist. https://doi.org/10.15472/7avdhn
• Dempewolf, H., Eastwood, R. J., Guarino, L., Khoury, C. K., Müller, J. V. & Toll, J. (2014). Adapting agriculture to climate change: a global initiative to collect, conserve, and use crop wild relatives. Agroecology and Sustainable Food Systems, 38, 369-377.
• Diazgranados et al. (2021). Catalogue of plants of Colombia. Useful Plants and Fungi of Colombia project. In prep.
• Diazgranados, M., Allkin, B., Black N., Cámara-Leret, R., Canteiro C., Carretero J., Eastwood R., Hargreaves S., Hudson A., Milliken W., Nesbitt, M., Ondo, I., Patmore, K., Pironon, S., Turner, R., Ulian, T. (2020). World Checklist of Useful Plant Species. Produced by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Knowledge Network for Biocomplexity.
• FPI (2021). Food Plants International. https://fms.cmsvr.com/fmi/webd/Food_Plants_World?homeurl=https://foodplantsinternational.com/plants/
• GBIF.org (2021). GBIF species matching tool. https://www.gbif.org/tools/species-lookup
• GRIN (2021). Germplasm Resources Information Network from the United States Department of Agriculture. https://www.ars-grin.gov/
• Jansen, P., Lemmens, R., Oyen, L., Siemonsma, J., Stavast, F. & Van Valkenburg, J. (1991) Plant Resources of South-East Asia. Basic list of species and commodity grouping. Final version. Pudoc, Wageningen.
• Medicinal Plant Names Services (MPNS) v.10 (2021); http://mpns.kew.org/
• PROTA (2021). Plants Resources of Tropical Africa. https://prota4u.org/database/
• RBG, Kew (2021). Kew Economic Botany Collection. https://ecbot.science.kew.org/
• Willis, K.J. (ed.) (2017). State of the World’s Plants 2017. Report. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.