Cichorium intybus L.

Native to:

Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Austria, Azores, Baleares, Baltic States, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cape Verde, Central European Rus, Corse, Cyprus, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, East Aegean Is., East European Russia, Egypt, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iran, Iraq, Italy, Kazakhstan, Kirgizstan, Kriti, Krym, Lebanon-Syria, Morocco, Netherlands, North Caucasus, North European Russi, Northwest European R, Norway, Pakistan, Palestine, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Sardegna, Sicilia, Sinai, South European Russi, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Tadzhikistan, Transcaucasus, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkey-in-Europe, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, West Himalaya, Yugoslavia

Introduced into:

Alabama, Alberta, Altay, Argentina Northeast, Argentina Northwest, Argentina South, Arizona, Arkansas, Bangladesh, Bolivia, Borneo, Brazil North, Brazil Northeast, Brazil South, Brazil Southeast, Brazil West-Central, British Columbia, Buryatiya, California, Cambodia, Cape Provinces, Chile Central, Chile North, Chile South, China North-Central, China South-Central, China Southeast, Colorado, Connecticut, Costa Rica, Cuba, Delaware, District of Columbia, El Salvador, Ethiopia, Florida, Free State, French Guiana, Georgia, Great Britain, Guatemala, Gulf of Guinea Is., Gulf States, Guyana, Hainan, Honduras, Idaho, Illinois, India, Indiana, Inner Mongolia, Iowa, Ireland, Irkutsk, Jawa, Juan Fernández Is., Kamchatka, Kansas, Kentucky, Khabarovsk, Krasnoyarsk, Kuril Is., Kuwait, KwaZulu-Natal, Labrador, Laos, Lesotho, Lesser Sunda Is., Libya, Louisiana, Madagascar, Maine, Malaya, Manchuria, Manitoba, Maryland, Massachusetts, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico Central, Mexico Gulf, Mexico Northeast, Mexico Northwest, Mexico Southeast, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Mongolia, Montana, Myanmar, Nebraska, Nevada, New Brunswick, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New South Wales, New York, New Zealand North, New Zealand South, Newfoundland, North Carolina, North Dakota, Northern Provinces, Northern Territory, Nova Scotia, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oman, Ontario, Oregon, Paraguay, Pennsylvania, Philippines, Primorye, Prince Edward I., Puerto Rico, Qinghai, Queensland, Québec, Rhode I., Réunion, Sakhalin, Saskatchewan, Saudi Arabia, South Australia, South Carolina, South Dakota, Sulawesi, Sumatera, Suriname, Swaziland, Taiwan, Tasmania, Tennessee, Texas, Thailand, Tibet, Uruguay, Utah, Venezuela, Vermont, Victoria, Vietnam, Virginia, Washington, West Siberia, West Virginia, Western Australia, Western Sahara, Windward Is., Wisconsin, Wyoming, Xinjiang, Yakutskiya, Yemen, Zaïre, Zimbabwe

Kew Species Profiles

• Adanson, M. (1763). Familles des Plantes.
• Brickell, C. (Ed.) (2003). The Royal Horticultural Society A–Z Encyclopedia of Garden Plants. Dorling Kindersley Ltd., London.
• Hamilton, N. (2007). Grow Organic: Fruit and Vegetables Fresh From Your Garden. New Holland Publishers (UK) Ltd., London.
• Kiers, A. M. (2000). Endive, Chicory, and their Wild Relatives: a Systematic and Phylogenetic Study of Cichorium (Asteraceae). National Herbarium Nederland, Universiteit Leiden branch.
• Mabberley, D. J. (2008). Mabberley’s Plant-book: a Portable Dictionary of Plants, their Classification and Uses. 3rd edition. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
• Mahr, S. (2012). The Wisconsin Master Gardener Program species page.
• Missouri Botanical Garden (2013). Tropicos, Name search.
• The Royal Horticultural Society (2013). RHS Grow Your Own.
• USDA, NRCS. (2013). The PLANTS Database, National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC 27401-4901 USA.
• Vaughan, J. G. & Geissler, C. A. (2009). The New Oxford Book of Food Plants. Oxford University Press, Oxford.

Flora of Iraq

• Abdulridha, Taha & Wedad, Ecology and Fl. Basra: 203 (2016)
• Bornmüller in Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 60B: 216 (1940)
• Collenette, Wild Flow. Saudi Arabia: 180 (1999)
• Dinsmore in Post, Fl. Syria, ed. 2, 2 : 124 (1933)
• Guest in Dep. Agr. Iraq Bull. 27: 22 (1933)
• Handel-Mazzetti in Ann. Naturh. Mus. Wien 27: 432 (1913)
• Kilian & Ghazanfar in Fl. Oman 3: 220 (2015)
• L., Sp. Pl.: 813 (1753)
• Lack in Fl. Iranica 122: 6 (1977)
• Matthews in Fl. Turkey 5: 627 (1975)
• Rawi & Chakraverty, ibid. 15: 26 (1964)
• Rawi in Dep. Agr. Iraq Tech. Bull. 14: 111 (1964)
• Rechinger, Fl. Lowland Iraq: 663 (1964)
• Taifour & El-Oqlah, Pl. Jordan Ann. Checkl.: 39 (2017).
• Tsvelev in Fl. S.S.S.R. 29: 16 (1964)

Publications used to compile the distribution and map:

• (2020). https://www.jstor.org/stable/26958715. epublication.
• Danihelka, J. Chrtek, J. & Kaplan, Z. (2012). Checklist of vascular plants of the Czech Republic. Preslia. Casopsi Ceské Botanické Spolecnosti 84: 647-811.
• GCC (2011). Global Compositae Checklist http://compositae.landcareresearch.co.nz/.
• Kharkevich, S.S. (ed.) (1992). Plantae Vasculares Orientalis Extremi Sovietici 6: 1-428. Nauka, Leningrad.
• Krasnoborov, I.M. (ed.) (2007). Flora of Siberia 13: 1-499. Scientific Publishers, Inc., Enfield, Plymouth.
• Nikolin, E.G. (2020). Opredelitel' vysshikh rasteniy Yakutii: 1-895. Moskva : Tovarishchestvo Nauchnykh Izdaniy KMK Novosibirsk "Nauka".
• Pruski, J.F. (ed.) (2018). Flora Mesoamericana 5(2): 1-608. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, D.F.
• Stace, C. (2019). New Flora of the British Isles ed. 4: 1-1266. C & M Floristics.

Useful Plants and Fungi of Colombia

• Allen, D., Bilz, M., Leaman, D.J., Miller, R.M., Timoshyna, A., & Window, J. (2014). European Red List of medicinal plants. Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg 10:907382.
• Diazgranados et al. (2021). Catalogue of plants of Colombia. Useful Plants and Fungi of Colombia project. In prep.
• Diazgranados, M., Allkin, B., Black N., Cámara-Leret, R., Canteiro C., Carretero J., Eastwood R., Hargreaves S., Hudson A., Milliken W., Nesbitt, M., Ondo, I., Patmore, K., Pironon, S., Turner, R., Ulian, T. (2020). World Checklist of Useful Plant Species. Produced by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Knowledge Network for Biocomplexity.
• FPI (2021). Food Plants International. https://fms.cmsvr.com/fmi/webd/Food_Plants_World?homeurl=https://foodplantsinternational.com/plants/
• GBIF.org (2021). GBIF species matching tool. https://www.gbif.org/tools/species-lookup
• GRIN (2021). Germplasm Resources Information Network from the United States Department of Agriculture. https://www.ars-grin.gov/
• Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humbodlt (2014). Plantas alimenticias y medicinales nativas de Colombia. 2567 registros, aportados por: Castellanos, C. (Contacto del recurso), Valderrama, N. (Creador del recurso, Autor), Bernal, Y. (Autor), García, N. (Autor). http://i2d.humboldt.org.co/ceiba/resource.do?r=ls_colombia_magnoliophyta_2014
• Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt. (2014). Plantas alimenticias y medicinales nativas de Colombia. 2567 registros, aportados por: Castellanos, C. (Contacto del recurso), Valderrama, N. (Creador del recurso, Autor), Bernal, Y. (Autor), García, N. (Autor). http://i2d.humboldt.org.co/ceiba/resource.do?r=ls_colombia_magnoliophyta_2014
• Jansen, P., Lemmens, R., Oyen, L., Siemonsma, J., Stavast, F. & Van Valkenburg, J. (1991) Plant Resources of South-East Asia. Basic list of species and commodity grouping. Final version. Pudoc, Wageningen.
• Medicinal Plant Names Services (MPNS) v.10 (2021); http://mpns.kew.org/
• PROTA (2021). Plants Resources of Tropical Africa. https://prota4u.org/database/
• Plants for malaria, plants for fever: Medicinal species in Latin America, a bibliographic survey: Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
• RBG, Kew (2021). Kew Economic Botany Collection. https://ecbot.science.kew.org/
• Willis, K.J. (ed.) (2017). State of the World’s Plants 2017. Report. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.