Bellis perennis L.

Native to:

Albania, Austria, Baleares, Baltic States, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, Central European Rus, Corse, Cyprus, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, East Aegean Is., East European Russia, France, Germany, Great Britain, Greece, Hungary, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Italy, Kazakhstan, Kirgizstan, Kriti, Krym, Lebanon-Syria, Madeira, Morocco, Netherlands, North Caucasus, North European Russi, Northwest European R, Norway, Palestine, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Sardegna, Sicilia, South European Russi, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Tadzhikistan, Transcaucasus, Turkey, Turkey-in-Europe, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, Yugoslavia

Introduced into:

Afghanistan, Alaska, Antipodean Is., Azores, Bolivia, British Columbia, California, Chatham Is., Colombia, Connecticut, Costa Rica, Falkland Is., Finland, Føroyar, Hawaii, Iceland, Idaho, Illinois, India, Indiana, Kentucky, Korea, Kuril Is., Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Mexico Central, Michigan, Minnesota, Montana, Myanmar, New Brunswick, New Hampshire, New York, New Zealand North, New Zealand South, Newfoundland, North Carolina, North Dakota, Nova Scotia, Ohio, Ontario, Oregon, Pakistan, Pennsylvania, Québec, Rhode I., Sakhalin, Tasmania, Tennessee, Tristan da Cunha, Uruguay, Utah, Vermont, Victoria, Virginia, Washington, West Himalaya, West Virginia, Wisconsin

POWO follows these authorities in accepting this name:

• Benedi, C. & al. (eds.) in Castroviejo, S. & al. (eds.) (2019). Flora Iberica 16(III): 1453-2353. Real Jardín Botánico, CSIC, Madrid.
• Flora of North America Editorial Committee (2006). Asteraceae. Flora of Australia 20: 1-666. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra.
• Ghafoor, A. & al. (2021). Flora of Pakistan 224: 1-310. Department of Botany, University of Karachi, Karachi.
• Ghazanfar, S.A., Edmondson, J.R. & Hind, D.J.N. (eds.) (2019). Flora of Iraq 6: 1-458. Ministry of Agriculture & Agrarian Reform, Baghdad.
• Knapp, W.M. & Naczi, R.F.C. (2021). Vascular plants of Maryland, USA. A comprehensive account of the state's botanical diversity. Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 113: 1-151.
• Litvinskaya, S.A. & Murtazaliev, R.A. (2013). Flora of the Northern Caucasus: An Atlas and Identification Book: 1-688. Fiton XXI.
• Meades, S.J. & Brouillet, L. (2019). Annotated Checklist of the Vascular Plants of Newfoundland and Labrador https://newfoundland-labradorflora.ca/checklist/.
• Mirek, Z., Piękoś-Mirkowa, H., Zając, A. & Zając, M (2020). Vascular plants of Poland an annotated checklist: 1-526. W. Szafer institute of botany, Polish academy of sciences, Krakow, Poland.
• Muer, T., Sauerbier, H. & Cabrara Calixto, F. (2020). Die Farn- und Blütenpflanzen Madeiras: 1-792. Verlag und Versandbuchhandlung Andreas Kleinsteuber.
• Pruski, J.F. (ed.) (2018). Flora Mesoamericana 5(2): 1-608. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, D.F.
• Schäfer, H. (2021). Flora of the Azores a field guide: 1-445. Margraf Publishers GmbH.
• Stace, C. (2019). New Flora of the British Isles ed. 4: 1-1266. C & M Floristics.
• Wu, Z. & Raven, P.H. (eds.) (2011). Asteraceae. Flora of China 20-21: 1-992. Science Press (Beijing) & Missouri Botanical Garden Press (St. Louis).
• de Salas, MF, Baker, ML (2022). A Census of the Vascular Plants of Tasmania, including Macquarie Island: 1-161. Tasmanian Herbarium, Tasmanian Museum and Art Gallery, Hobart. https://flora.tmag.tas.gov.au/resources/census/.
• von Raab-Straube, E. (ed.) (2011). Compositae. Euro+Med Plantbase. The Euro+Med PlantBase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity http://ww2.bgbm.org/EuroPlusMed/query.asp.

Catálogo de Plantas y Líquenes de Colombia

• Bernal, R., Gradstein, S.R. & Celis, M. (eds.). 2015. Catálogo de plantas y líquenes de Colombia. Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá. http://catalogoplantasdecolombia.unal.edu.co

Kew Species Profiles

• Bown, D. (2008). The Royal Horticultural Society Encyclopedia of Herbs and their Uses. Dorling Kindersley, London.
• Clapham, A. R., Tutin, T. G. & Moore, D. M. (1987). Flora of the British Isles. 3rd edn. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
• Gerard, J. (1633). The Herbal; or General History of Plants. The complete 1633 edition. Dover, New York.
• Hedrick, U. P. (ed). (1919). Sturtevant’s Notes on Edible Plants. New York (State) Dept. of Agriculture, 27th Annual Report, Vol. 2 Part II. Lyon, Albany.
• Huxley, A., Griffiths, M. & Levy, M. (eds) (1992). The New Royal Horticultural Society Dictionary of Gardening, 4 vols. Macmillan, London.
• Mabberley, D. J. (2008). Mabberley’s Plant-Book: A Portable Dictionary of Plants, Their Classification and Uses. 3rd edn. Cambridge University Press.
• Mabey, R. (1996). Flora Britannica. Sinclair-Stevenson, London.
• National Biodiversity Network Species Dictionary (Feb 2003).
• Press, B. & Gibbons, B. (1993). Photographic Field Guide to Wild Flowers of Britain and Europe. New Holland Publishers (UK) Ltd, London.
• Preston, C. D., Pearman, D. A. & Dines, T. D. (2002). The New Atlas of the British and Irish Flora. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
• Usher, G. (1974). A Dictionary of Plants Used by Man. Constable, London.
  
  

Flora of Iraq

• Anthony in Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 18: 290 (1935)
• Blakelock in Kew Bull. 4: 44 (1949)
• Boissier, Fl. Orient. 3: 173 (1875)
• Breckle, Hedge & Rafiqpoor, Vasc. Pl. Afghan: 153 (2013).
• Dinsmore in Post, Fl. Syria, Palest. & Sinai ed. 2, 2: 19 (1933)
• Feinbrun-Dothan, Fl. Palaest. 3: 296 (1978)
• Grierson in Fl. Turkey 5: 135 (1975)
• Guest in Dep. Agr. Iraq Bull. 27: 14 (1933)
• L., Sp. Pl.: 886 (1753)
• Meikle, Fl. Cyprus 2: 868 (1985)
• Nábělek in Publ. Fac. Sci. Univ. Masaryk 52: 4 (1925)
• Rawi in Dep. Agr. Iraq Tech. Bull. 14: 107 (1964)
• Tamamshian in Fl. S.S.S.R. 25: 54 (1959)
• Yilin Chen & Brouillet in Fl. China, 20–21: 559 (2011)
• Zohary in Dep. Agr. Iraq Bull. 31: 144 (1950)

Publications used to compile the distribution and map:

• Benedi, C. & al. (eds.) in Castroviejo, S. & al. (eds.) (2019). Flora Iberica 16(III): 1453-2353. Real Jardín Botánico, CSIC, Madrid.
• Kharkevich, S.S. (ed.) (1992). Plantae Vasculares Orientalis Extremi Sovietici 6: 1-428. Nauka, Leningrad.
• Knapp, W.M. & Naczi, R.F.C. (2021). Vascular plants of Maryland, USA. A comprehensive account of the state's botanical diversity. Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 113: 1-151.
• Pruski, J.F. (ed.) (2018). Flora Mesoamericana 5(2): 1-608. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, D.F.
• Stace, C. (2019). New Flora of the British Isles ed. 4: 1-1266. C & M Floristics.

Useful Plants and Fungi of Colombia

• Bernal, R., Gradstein, S.R., & Celis, M. (eds.). (2020). Catálogo de Plantas y Líquenes de Colombia. v1.1. Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Dataset/Checklist. https://doi.org/10.15472/7avdhn
• Diazgranados et al. (2021). Catalogue of plants of Colombia. Useful Plants and Fungi of Colombia project. In prep.
• Diazgranados, M., Allkin, B., Black N., Cámara-Leret, R., Canteiro C., Carretero J., Eastwood R., Hargreaves S., Hudson A., Milliken W., Nesbitt, M., Ondo, I., Patmore, K., Pironon, S., Turner, R., Ulian, T. (2020). World Checklist of Useful Plant Species. Produced by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Knowledge Network for Biocomplexity.
• FPI (2021). Food Plants International. https://fms.cmsvr.com/fmi/webd/Food_Plants_World?homeurl=https://foodplantsinternational.com/plants/
• GBIF.org (2021). GBIF species matching tool. https://www.gbif.org/tools/species-lookup
• GRIN (2021). Germplasm Resources Information Network from the United States Department of Agriculture. https://www.ars-grin.gov/
• Medicinal Plant Names Services (MPNS) v.10 (2021); http://mpns.kew.org/