Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench

Native to:

Alabama, Arkansas, Colorado, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Michigan, Mississippi, Missouri, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, Wisconsin

Introduced into:

Austria, Baltic States, Bolivia, Borneo, Costa Rica, Delaware, France, Germany, Jawa, Kazakhstan, Korea, Krym, Lesser Sunda Is., Malaya, Maryland, Myanmar, Ontario, Philippines, Poland, Sulawesi, Sumatera, Tadzhikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, Venezuela

POWO follows these authorities in accepting this name:

• Flora of North America Editorial Committee (2006). Asteraceae. Flora of North America North of Mexico 21: 1-616. Oxford University Press, New York, Oxford.
• GCC (2011). Global Compositae Checklist http://compositae.landcareresearch.co.nz/.
• Knapp, W.M. & Naczi, R.F.C. (2021). Vascular plants of Maryland, USA. A comprehensive account of the state's botanical diversity. Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 113: 1-151.
• Pruski, J.F. (ed.) (2018). Flora Mesoamericana 5(2): 1-608. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, D.F.

Kew Species Profiles

• Angiosperm Phylogeny Group. An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 161: 105-121.
• Binns, S. E., Baum, B. R. & Arnason, J. T. (2002). A taxonomic revision of Echinacea (Asteraceae: Heliantheae). Systematic Botany 27: 610-632.
• Flora of North America Editorial Committee (2006). Flora of North America, Volume 21 - Magnoliophyta: Asteridae (in Part): Asteraceae, Part 3. Oxford University Press, Inc., New York.
• Hind, [D. J.] N. (1987). Echinacea purpurea. The Kew Magazine 4(1): 34-35.
• Huxley, A., Griffiths, M. & Levy, M. (eds) (1999). The New Royal Horticultural Society Dictionary of Gardening. Volume 2 (D to K). Macmillan Reference, London.
• Kindscher, K. (ed.) (2006). The Conservation Status of Echinacea Species. Kansas Biological Survey, University of Kansas.
• Mabberley, D. J. (2008). Mabberley’s Plant-book: a Portable Dictionary of Plants, their Classification and Uses. 3rd edition. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
• McGregor, R. L. (1968). The taxonomy of the genus Echinacea (Compositae). The University of Kansas Science Bulletin 68: 113-142.
• NatureServe (2011). NatureServe Explorer: An Online Encyclopedia of Life. Version 7.1. NatureServe, Arlington, Virginia.

Publications used to compile the distribution and map:

• Flora of North America Editorial Committee (2006). Asteraceae. Flora of North America North of Mexico 21: 1-616. Oxford University Press, New York, Oxford.
• GCC (2011). Global Compositae Checklist http://compositae.landcareresearch.co.nz/.
• Knapp, W.M. & Naczi, R.F.C. (2021). Vascular plants of Maryland, USA. A comprehensive account of the state's botanical diversity. Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 113: 1-151.
• Pruski, J.F. (ed.) (2018). Flora Mesoamericana 5(2): 1-608. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, D.F.

Useful Plants and Fungi of Colombia

• Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt. (2014). Plantas alimenticias y medicinales nativas de Colombia. 2567 registros, aportados por: Castellanos, C. (Contacto del recurso), Valderrama, N. (Creador del recurso, Autor), Bernal, Y. (Autor), García, N. (Autor). http://i2d.humboldt.org.co/ceiba/resource.do?r=ls_colombia_magnoliophyta_2014